Weather Quiz

 

Names for the 2025 Atlantic hurricane season (Source: NWS-Birmingham)

When was the last time a hurricane developed in the Atlantic Ocean before the official June 1 start to the hurricane season?

A. 1995

B. 2005

C. 2016

D. 2024

Severe weather strikes the DMV

Enhanced Fujita Scale, Source: NOAA

May is one of the most active severe weather months of the year in the United States. NOAA defines “severe weather” as a thunderstorm that produces any of the following: A) wind gusts of at least 58 mph; B) hail 1” in diameter or greater; or C) a tornado. 

The most dangerous thunderstorms (supercells) can cause more than one type of severe weather as large hail often precedes tornadoes. Locally, the area in and around the nation’s capital has had a number of memorable May severe weather events.   

2019:  Three tornadoes touched down in central Maryland on May 30, producing two EF-0’s and an EF-1 in Frederick and Howard Counties. Wind damage was more widespread across the DC Metropolitan Area, with a wind gust as high as 71 mph in Frederick County, Maryland. A 66 mph wind gust was also reported at Davison Army Airfield in Fairfax County, Virginia. 

Even more severe weather impacted the DMV (DC, Maryland and Virginia) just a week earlier. An EF-1 tornado was confirmed in Columbia, Maryland that caused some structural damage. There were also many severe wind gusts from the thunderstorms that developed. Winds gusted as high as 68 mph at National Airport, 63 mph at Andrews AFB in Maryland, and 67 mph in Gaithersburg, Maryland. Damage was reported that ranged from downed trees and power lines to minor structural damage of homes and businesses.

2016:  Large hail sometimes occurs in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Hail 2.5” – 2.75” in diameter, ranging in size from tennis ball to baseball, occurred in Rockville, Maryland on May 2. Baseball-size hail was also reported in Charles County, Maryland, while golf ball-size hail was seen in Huntingtown, MD. There were other reports of hail in the DMV that were smaller, but still met severe criteria.

2013: The last EF-5 tornado in the United States was on May 20 in Moore, Oklahoma. It had a long and destructive track as part of a larger, three-day severe weather outbreak. According to NOAA, it caused more than two dozen fatalities and remains the third costliest tornado on record having caused $2 billion in damages (unadjusted for inflation). 

2011: The town of Joplin, Missouri experienced a devastating EF-5 tornado on May 22. According to NOAA, the Joplin EF-5 remains the costliest tornado on record having caused $2.8 billion in damages (unadjusted for inflation). 

With a total of 158 fatalities, it was also the single deadliest U.S. tornado since 1947. It was one of six EF-5 tornadoes that occurred in the United States in 2011.

What’s in a hurricane name?

 

Photo Credit: NWS-Birmingham

The 2025 Atlantic hurricane season officially gets underway on June 1.  The list of names for the season has already been released.

The list of hurricane names is on a six-year cycle that is reused every sixth year. For example, this season's list was last used in 2019 and is the same list minus any names that were retired. Tropical storm and hurricane names are "retired" by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for being particularly damaging or deadly.

The name "Dorian” was retired after the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season following its destructive and deadly trek across the Bahamas. It was replaced with the name “Dexter” for the 2025 season. Last season was a particularly destructive one that saw three names retired: “Beryl,” “Helene,” and “Milton.”  Those names were replaced with “Brianna,” “Holly,” and “Miguel” for when the 2024 list is used again in 2030.

Starting in 1953, tropical storms and hurricanes were given female names. That changed in 1979 when men’s names were added. Tropical systems started getting names, originally, to minimize confusion if more than two active storms occur concurrently.

One of the more frequently used names is "Chris," which has been used every six years since 1982. “Chris” has never been a very destructive or deadly storm, so it's been reused whenever it's turn in the rotation comes again. The most intense version of "Chris" came in 2012 when it became a Category 2 storm over the open Atlantic with sustained winds of 105 mph. Last season, “Chris” was a short-lived and weak tropical storm that was named shortly before its landfall in Mexico.

An average Atlantic hurricane season features 14 named storms, of which 7 become hurricanes with 3 "major" hurricanes - Category 3 or higher on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale with sustained winds of at least 111 mph. The first named storm of 2025 will be “Andrea.”